diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/TopicsController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/TopicsController.php
index e1f0714..5335236 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/TopicsController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/TopicsController.php
@@ -28,8 +28,11 @@ class TopicsController extends Controller
         return view('topics.index', compact('topics'));
     }
 
-    public function show(Topic $topic)
+    public function show(Topic $topic, Request $request)
     {
+        if (!empty($topic->slug) && $topic->slug != $request->slug) {
+            return redirect($topic->link(), 301);
+        }
         return view('topics.show', compact('topic'));
     }
 
@@ -38,7 +41,7 @@ class TopicsController extends Controller
         $topic->fill($request->all());
         $topic->user_id = Auth::id();
         $topic->save();
-        return redirect()->route('topics.show', $topic->id)->with('success', '添加成功！.');
+        return redirect()->to($topic->link())->with('success', '添加成功！.');
     }
 
     public function edit(Topic $topic)
@@ -75,7 +78,7 @@ class TopicsController extends Controller
         $this->authorize('update', $topic);
         $topic->update($request->all());
 
-        return redirect()->route('topics.show', $topic->id)->with('success', '编辑成功！.');
+        return redirect()->route('topics.show', [$topic->id, $topic->slug])->with('success', '编辑成功！');
     }
 
     public function destroy(Topic $topic)
@@ -83,6 +86,6 @@ class TopicsController extends Controller
         $this->authorize('destroy', $topic);
         $topic->delete();
 
-        return redirect()->route('topics.index')->with('message', 'Deleted successfully.');
+        return redirect()->route('topics.index')->with('message', '删除成功.');
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/app/Models/Topic.php b/app/Models/Topic.php
index a5b7a7f..3f080c4 100644
--- a/app/Models/Topic.php
+++ b/app/Models/Topic.php
@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ class Topic extends Model
     protected $fillable = ['title', 'category_id', 'body', 'excerpt', 'slug'];
 
 
+    public function link($params = [])
+    {
+        return route('topics.show', array_merge([$this->id, $this->slug], $params));
+    }
+
     public function scopeWithOrder($query, $order)
     {
         // 不同的排序，使用不同的数据读取逻辑
diff --git a/app/Models/User.php b/app/Models/User.php
index 31ba0e5..257bc49 100644
--- a/app/Models/User.php
+++ b/app/Models/User.php
@@ -32,6 +32,11 @@ class User extends Authenticatable
         return asset($this->avatar);
     }
 
+    public function isAuthorOf($model)
+    {
+        return $this->id == $model->user_id;
+    }
+
     public function topics()
     {
         return $this->hasMany(Topic::class);
diff --git a/app/Observers/TopicObserver.php b/app/Observers/TopicObserver.php
index c1f1259..54b2860 100644
--- a/app/Observers/TopicObserver.php
+++ b/app/Observers/TopicObserver.php
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 namespace App\Observers;
 
 use App\Models\Topic;
+use App\Tools\SlugTranslateHandler;
 
 // creating, created, updating, updated, saving,
 // saved,  deleting, deleted, restoring, restored
@@ -18,6 +19,10 @@ class TopicObserver
     {
         $topic->body = clean($topic->body, 'user_topic_body');
         $topic->excerpt = make_excerpt($topic->body);
+        // 如 slug 字段无内容，即使用翻译器对 title 进行翻译
+        if (!$topic->slug) {
+            $topic->slug = app(SlugTranslateHandler::class)->translate($topic->title);
+        }
     }
 
     public function updating(Topic $topic)
diff --git a/app/Policies/TopicPolicy.php b/app/Policies/TopicPolicy.php
index 803919a..a2ccc80 100644
--- a/app/Policies/TopicPolicy.php
+++ b/app/Policies/TopicPolicy.php
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ class TopicPolicy extends Policy
 {
     public function update(User $user, Topic $topic)
     {
-        return $topic->user_id == $user->id;
+        return $user->isAuthorOf($topic);
     }
 
     public function destroy(User $user, Topic $topic)
     {
-        return true;
+        return $user->isAuthorOf($topic);
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Tools/SlugTranslateHandler.php b/app/Tools/SlugTranslateHandler.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a42e8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Tools/SlugTranslateHandler.php
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * Created by PhpStorm.
+ * User: xing
+ * Date: 2018/1/1
+ * Time: 20:51
+ */
+
+namespace App\Tools;
+
+use GuzzleHttp\Client;
+use Overtrue\Pinyin\Pinyin;
+
+
+class SlugTranslateHandler
+{
+
+    public function translate($text)
+    {
+        // 实例化 HTTP 客户端
+        $http = new Client;
+
+        // 初始化配置信息
+        $api = 'http://api.fanyi.baidu.com/api/trans/vip/translate?';
+        $appid = config('services.baidu_translate.appid');
+        $key = config('services.baidu_translate.key');
+        $salt = time();
+        // 如果没有配置百度翻译，自动使用兼容的拼音方案
+        if (empty($appid) || empty($key)) {
+            return $this->pinyin($text);
+        }
+
+        // 根据文档，生成 sign
+        // http://api.fanyi.baidu.com/api/trans/product/apidoc
+        // appid+q+salt+密钥 的MD5值
+        $sign = md5($appid . $text . $salt . $key);
+
+        // 构建请求参数
+        $query = http_build_query([
+            "q" => $text,
+            "from" => "zh",
+            "to" => "en",
+            "appid" => $appid,
+            "salt" => $salt,
+            "sign" => $sign,
+        ]);
+
+        // 发送 HTTP Get 请求
+        $response = $http->get($api . $query);
+
+        $result = json_decode($response->getBody(), true);
+
+        /**
+         * 获取结果，如果请求成功，dd($result) 结果如下：
+         *
+         * array:3 [▼
+         * "from" => "zh"
+         * "to" => "en"
+         * "trans_result" => array:1 [▼
+         * 0 => array:2 [▼
+         * "src" => "XSS 安全漏洞"
+         * "dst" => "XSS security vulnerability"
+         * ]
+         * ]
+         * ]
+         **/
+
+        // 尝试获取获取翻译结果
+        if (isset($result['trans_result'][0]['dst'])) {
+            return str_slug($result['trans_result'][0]['dst']);
+        } else {
+            // 如果百度翻译没有结果，使用拼音作为后备计划。
+            return $this->pinyin($text);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function pinyin($text)
+    {
+        return str_slug(app(Pinyin::class)->permalink($text));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/composer.json b/composer.json
index 22bf8c1..079684b 100644
--- a/composer.json
+++ b/composer.json
@@ -11,13 +11,15 @@
     "php": ">=7.0.0",
     "doctrine/dbal": "^2.6",
     "fideloper/proxy": "~3.3",
+    "guzzlehttp/guzzle": "~6.3",
     "hieu-le/active": "~3.5",
     "intervention/image": "^2.4",
     "laravel/framework": "5.5.*",
     "laravel/tinker": "~1.0",
     "mews/captcha": "~2.0",
     "mews/purifier": "~2.0",
-    "overtrue/laravel-lang": "^3.0"
+    "overtrue/laravel-lang": "^3.0",
+    "overtrue/pinyin": "~3.0"
   },
   "require-dev": {
     "barryvdh/laravel-debugbar": "^3.1",
diff --git a/composer.lock b/composer.lock
index e8e3a06..8e6e22e 100644
--- a/composer.lock
+++ b/composer.lock
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
         "Read more about it at https://getcomposer.org/doc/01-basic-usage.md#composer-lock-the-lock-file",
         "This file is @generated automatically"
     ],
-    "content-hash": "0623f829dd1042d2c133664fd6525faa",
+    "content-hash": "8d5baf0bc06734b3359648bb624b4f3c",
     "packages": [
         {
             "name": "caouecs/laravel-lang",
@@ -763,6 +763,122 @@
             ],
             "time": "2017-06-15T17:19:42+00:00"
         },
+        {
+            "name": "guzzlehttp/guzzle",
+            "version": "6.3.0",
+            "source": {
+                "type": "git",
+                "url": "https://github.com/guzzle/guzzle.git",
+                "reference": "f4db5a78a5ea468d4831de7f0bf9d9415e348699"
+            },
+            "dist": {
+                "type": "zip",
+                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/guzzle/guzzle/zipball/f4db5a78a5ea468d4831de7f0bf9d9415e348699",
+                "reference": "f4db5a78a5ea468d4831de7f0bf9d9415e348699",
+                "shasum": ""
+            },
+            "require": {
+                "guzzlehttp/promises": "^1.0",
+                "guzzlehttp/psr7": "^1.4",
+                "php": ">=5.5"
+            },
+            "require-dev": {
+                "ext-curl": "*",
+                "phpunit/phpunit": "^4.0 || ^5.0",
+                "psr/log": "^1.0"
+            },
+            "suggest": {
+                "psr/log": "Required for using the Log middleware"
+            },
+            "type": "library",
+            "extra": {
+                "branch-alias": {
+                    "dev-master": "6.2-dev"
+                }
+            },
+            "autoload": {
+                "files": [
+                    "src/functions_include.php"
+                ],
+                "psr-4": {
+                    "GuzzleHttp\\": "src/"
+                }
+            },
+            "notification-url": "https://packagist.org/downloads/",
+            "license": [
+                "MIT"
+            ],
+            "authors": [
+                {
+                    "name": "Michael Dowling",
+                    "email": "mtdowling@gmail.com",
+                    "homepage": "https://github.com/mtdowling"
+                }
+            ],
+            "description": "Guzzle is a PHP HTTP client library",
+            "homepage": "http://guzzlephp.org/",
+            "keywords": [
+                "client",
+                "curl",
+                "framework",
+                "http",
+                "http client",
+                "rest",
+                "web service"
+            ],
+            "time": "2017-06-22T18:50:49+00:00"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "guzzlehttp/promises",
+            "version": "v1.3.1",
+            "source": {
+                "type": "git",
+                "url": "https://github.com/guzzle/promises.git",
+                "reference": "a59da6cf61d80060647ff4d3eb2c03a2bc694646"
+            },
+            "dist": {
+                "type": "zip",
+                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/guzzle/promises/zipball/a59da6cf61d80060647ff4d3eb2c03a2bc694646",
+                "reference": "a59da6cf61d80060647ff4d3eb2c03a2bc694646",
+                "shasum": ""
+            },
+            "require": {
+                "php": ">=5.5.0"
+            },
+            "require-dev": {
+                "phpunit/phpunit": "^4.0"
+            },
+            "type": "library",
+            "extra": {
+                "branch-alias": {
+                    "dev-master": "1.4-dev"
+                }
+            },
+            "autoload": {
+                "psr-4": {
+                    "GuzzleHttp\\Promise\\": "src/"
+                },
+                "files": [
+                    "src/functions_include.php"
+                ]
+            },
+            "notification-url": "https://packagist.org/downloads/",
+            "license": [
+                "MIT"
+            ],
+            "authors": [
+                {
+                    "name": "Michael Dowling",
+                    "email": "mtdowling@gmail.com",
+                    "homepage": "https://github.com/mtdowling"
+                }
+            ],
+            "description": "Guzzle promises library",
+            "keywords": [
+                "promise"
+            ],
+            "time": "2016-12-20T10:07:11+00:00"
+        },
         {
             "name": "guzzlehttp/psr7",
             "version": "1.4.2",
@@ -1747,6 +1863,51 @@
             ],
             "time": "2017-10-28T12:10:43+00:00"
         },
+        {
+            "name": "overtrue/pinyin",
+            "version": "3.0.6",
+            "source": {
+                "type": "git",
+                "url": "https://github.com/overtrue/pinyin.git",
+                "reference": "3b781d267197b74752daa32814d3a2cf5d140779"
+            },
+            "dist": {
+                "type": "zip",
+                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/overtrue/pinyin/zipball/3b781d267197b74752daa32814d3a2cf5d140779",
+                "reference": "3b781d267197b74752daa32814d3a2cf5d140779",
+                "shasum": ""
+            },
+            "require": {
+                "php": ">=5.3"
+            },
+            "require-dev": {
+                "phpunit/phpunit": "~4.8"
+            },
+            "type": "library",
+            "autoload": {
+                "psr-4": {
+                    "Overtrue\\Pinyin\\": "src/"
+                }
+            },
+            "notification-url": "https://packagist.org/downloads/",
+            "license": [
+                "MIT"
+            ],
+            "authors": [
+                {
+                    "name": "Carlos",
+                    "homepage": "http://github.com/overtrue"
+                }
+            ],
+            "description": "Chinese to pinyin translator.",
+            "homepage": "https://github.com/overtrue/pinyin",
+            "keywords": [
+                "Chinese",
+                "Pinyin",
+                "cn2pinyin"
+            ],
+            "time": "2017-07-10T07:20:01+00:00"
+        },
         {
             "name": "paragonie/random_compat",
             "version": "v2.0.11",
diff --git a/config/services.php b/config/services.php
index 4b5f049..aa4b0f8 100644
--- a/config/services.php
+++ b/config/services.php
@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ return [
     |
     */
 
+    'baidu_translate' => [
+        'appid' => env('BAIDU_TRANSLATE_APPID'),
+        'key' => env('BAIDU_TRANSLATE_KEY'),
+    ],
+
     'mailgun' => [
         'domain' => env('MAILGUN_DOMAIN'),
         'secret' => env('MAILGUN_SECRET'),
diff --git a/resources/views/topics/create_and_edit.blade.php b/resources/views/topics/create_and_edit.blade.php
index 40742d2..2a71eb8 100644
--- a/resources/views/topics/create_and_edit.blade.php
+++ b/resources/views/topics/create_and_edit.blade.php
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
                                         <select class="form-control" name="category_id" required>
                                             <option value="" hidden disabled selected>请选择分类</option>
                                             @foreach ($categories as $value)
-                                                <option value="{{ $value->id }}">{{ $value->name }}</option>
+                                                <option value="{{ $value->id }}" {{ $topic->category_id == $value->id ? 'selected' : '' }}>{{ $value->name }}</option>
                                             @endforeach
                                         </select>
                                     </div>
diff --git a/resources/views/topics/show.blade.php b/resources/views/topics/show.blade.php
index 1250e68..a5c7b61 100644
--- a/resources/views/topics/show.blade.php
+++ b/resources/views/topics/show.blade.php
@@ -42,15 +42,24 @@
                         {!! $topic->body !!}
                     </div>
 
-                    <div class="operate">
-                        <hr>
-                        <a href="{{ route('topics.edit', $topic->id) }}" class="btn btn-default btn-xs" role="button">
-                            <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-edit"></i> 编辑
-                        </a>
-                        <a href="#" class="btn btn-default btn-xs" role="button">
-                            <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-trash"></i> 删除
-                        </a>
-                    </div>
+                    @can('update', $topic)
+                        <div class="operate">
+                            <hr>
+                            <a href="{{ route('topics.edit', $topic->id) }}" class="btn btn-default btn-xs pull-left"
+                               role="button">
+                                <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-edit"></i> 编辑
+                            </a>
+
+                            <form action="{{ route('topics.destroy', $topic->id) }}" method="post">
+                                {{ csrf_field() }}
+                                {{ method_field('DELETE') }}
+                                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default btn-xs pull-left" style="margin-left: 6px">
+                                    <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-trash"></i>
+                                    删除
+                                </button>
+                            </form>
+                        </div>
+                    @endcan
 
                 </div>
             </div>
diff --git a/resources/views/users/_topics.blade.php b/resources/views/users/_topics.blade.php
index 31c885a..0457e07 100644
--- a/resources/views/users/_topics.blade.php
+++ b/resources/views/users/_topics.blade.php
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     <ul class="list-group">
         @foreach ($topics as $topic)
             <li class="list-group-item">
-                <a href="{{ route('topics.show', $topic->id) }}">
+                <a href="{{ route('topics.show', [$topic->id,$topic->slug]) }}">
                     {{ $topic->title }}
                 </a>
                 <span class="meta pull-right">
diff --git a/routes/web.php b/routes/web.php
index 4b1f863..e81b73f 100644
--- a/routes/web.php
+++ b/routes/web.php
@@ -30,7 +30,9 @@ Route::get('password/reset', 'Auth\ForgotPasswordController@showLinkRequestForm'
 Route::post('password/email', 'Auth\ForgotPasswordController@sendResetLinkEmail')->name('password.email');
 Route::get('password/reset/{token}', 'Auth\ResetPasswordController@showResetForm')->name('password.reset');
 Route::post('password/reset', 'Auth\ResetPasswordController@reset');
-Route::resource('topics', 'TopicsController', ['only' => ['index', 'show', 'create', 'store', 'update', 'edit', 'destroy']]);
+Route::resource('topics', 'TopicsController', ['only' => ['index', 'create', 'store', 'update', 'edit', 'destroy']]);
+
+Route::get('topics/{topic}/{slug?}', 'TopicsController@show')->name('topics.show');
 
 Route::resource('categories', 'CategoriesController', ['only' => ['show']]);
 Route::post('upload_image', 'TopicsController@uploadImage')->name('topics.upload_image');